#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

//---- physical constants
//#define ALPHA        (1.0/137.035989561) // fine structure constant
//#define HBARC        (197.3270529e-15)   // Plank's hbar * light velocity [MeV m]

// fundermental constants
#define GRAVITY_CONSTANT 6.6725985e-11   // [Nm^2/kg^2]
#define LIGHT_C          2.997924580e+08 // [m/s]
#define PLANK_HBAR       1.0545726663e-34 // [Js]

// constants about nucleus
#define ELEMENTAL_CHARGE 1.6021773349e-19 // [C]
#define ELECTRON_MASS    9.109389754e-31 // [kg]
#define ELECTRON_CHARGE  (-ELEMENTAL_CHARGE) // [C]
#define PROTON_MASS      1.672623110e-27 // [kg]
#define PROTON_CHARGE    (+ELEMENTAL_CHARGE) // [C]
#define NEUTRON_MASS     1.674928610e-27 // [kg]

// constants about chemical physics
#define AVOGADROS_NUMBER 6.022136736e+23 // [1/mol]
#define BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT 1.38065812e-23 // [J/K]

// constants about atom
#define ALPHA            (ELECTRON_CHARGE*ELECTRON_CHARGE\
                         *LIGHT_C/PLANK_HBAR/1e7)   // [1]
#define ALPHA_C          (ALPHA*LIGHT_C)            // [m/s]
#define ALPHA_C2         (ALPHA_C*ALPHA_C)          // [m^2/s^2]
#define HBAR_ALPHA_C     (PLANK_HBAR*ALPHA*LIGHT_C) // [Jm]
#define HBAR_C           (PLANK_HBAR*LIGHT_C)       // [Jm]

#define BOHR_RADIUS      (PLANK_HBAR/(ELECTRON_MASS*ALPHA_C))  // [m]
#define RYDBERG_CONSTANT (1.097373153413e7) // [1/m]
#define CLASSICAL_ELECTRON_RADIUS (HBAR_ALPHA_C/(ELECTRON_MASS*LIGHT_C*LIGHT_C)) // [m]


// base quantities of atomic unit
#define ENERGY_AU        (ELECTRON_MASS*ALPHA_C2)          // [J]
#define MOMENT_AU        (ELECTRON_MASS*ALPHA_C)           // [kgm/s]
#define LENGTH_AU        (PLANK_HBAR/(ELECTRON_MASS*ALPHA_C))  // [m]
#define TIME_AU          (PLANK_HBAR/(ELECTRON_MASS*ALPHA_C2)) // [s]

// energy convertor
#define J_TO_EV          (1.0/1.602177335e-19) // [eV/J]
#define EV_TO_J          (1.602177335e-19)     // [J/eV]


//---- maximam of random value
#ifndef RAND_MAX
#define RAND_MAX     (0x7fffffff)
#endif

//---- sets seed of random from time
inline void Srand( void )
{
  srand(time(NULL));
}

//---- uniformal random within [0,1]
inline double Urand( void )
{
  return (double)rand()/RAND_MAX;
}

//---- uniformal random within (0,1]
inline double Urand0( void )
{
  long r;
  do{ r=rand(); }while(r==0);
  return (double)r/RAND_MAX;
}

//---- square function
#ifndef __TEMPLATE_SQR
#define __TEMPLATE_SQR
template <class T>
inline T sqr( const T& c )
{
  return c*c;
}
#endif // __TEMPLATE_SQR